华盛顿协议是什么？对于国内的工科生有什么好处？

大好事啊！

这事对于国内的工科生想要出国的来说，简直是再好不过的消息了。说说我比较了解的土澳（澳大利亚）/纽村（新西兰）/加村（加拿大）的情况吧。

——————————————————加村篇——————————————————————

先说说没啥影响的加拿大：

加村要交EE，工程师的不需要什么特别的职业评估步骤。加拿大需要的是学历评估ECA Educational Credential Assessment。这个和花生屯协议没有直接关联，所以该做的还是要做。不过如果是属于花生屯协议清单上的专业，那么日后要在加村做注册工程师P.Eng. 就要比原来轻松不少了。参考EC官网自己放出的例子：

18. I received my education in a foreign country that is not a signatory to the Washington Accord. Subsequently, my qualifications were accepted by a Washington Accord economy and I was licensed there. What must I do to be licensed as an engineer in Canada? Can I claim a waiver of written academic exemption?While one Washington Accord Opens in a new window signatory may have accepted your education as adequate for licensure in their country, others may not. The Washington Accord recognizes the equivalency of education accreditation systems from programs only within the signatory countries, and from the year that the signatory was first recognized by the accord.
For detailed information, contact the engineering regulatory body in the province or territory where you would like to practise.
19. I am a licensed engineer in a Washington Accord signatory with many years of professional experience. Do I have to start over again in my career to be licensed in Canada?No, you will not have to start over again. Licensing in Canada is done at the provincial and territorial level through Engineers Canada’s provincial and territorial engineering regulatory bodies.
As a first step, accredited education is accepted by all provincial and territorial engineering regulatory bodies through the Washington Accord Opens in a new window. Many engineering regulatory bodies will accept signed proof of previous acceptable work experience to meet the experience requirements for registration. However, most engineering regulatory bodies require one year of experience in Canada supervised by a licensed Canadian engineer before you can be licensed. For that year, applicants are called members-in-training.
For specific details, contact the provincial or territorial engineering regulatory body where you intend to register.

source：Frequently Asked Questions

所以可以看出来，还是需要去各省和地区分别注册，但花生屯协议的工科花生应该比较容易的就能注册成受训工程师members-in-training。具体还请仔细查阅各个省和地区的注册机构。

———————————————————纽村篇—————————————————————

新西兰的职业评估就和土澳很相近了。

新西兰工程师是由IPENZ Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand来管理。

工科生想要技术移民NZ，可以通过以下方式来通过IPENZ的注册，获得绝对技能紧缺职业工作经验加分：

1. 新西兰特许专业工程师注册；

2. 持有华盛顿协议认可的学位（Washington Accord­accredited degree）；

3. NZQA 认证的学历：需要等同于新西兰工学学士或者工学荣誉学士学位；

4. 相关的学历和 IPENZ 证明信，证明你满足新西兰特殊专业工程师注册的条件。

To claim bonus points for qualifications in an area of absolute skill shortage under the Skilled Migrant Category you need one of the following:

1. New Zealand registration as a Chartered Professional Engineer

2. Washington Accord­accredited degree

3. Qualification recognized by NZQA： A qualification specifically recognized by the New Zealand Qualifications Authority (NZQA) as comparable to one of the following: Bachelor of Engineering Bachelor of Engineering (Honours)

4. Relevant qualification with a letter from IPENZ ：A relevant qualification (NZQF level 7 or higher) with a letter from IPENZ certifying that the qualifiication and any further learning meet the academ

海外工程师学历认证
有3个国际教育协议，为从事其对应的3个职业类别的新西兰工程师和IPENZ毕业会员，提供海外工学学历的直接认证。
3个职业类型及其对应到国际教育协议为：
专业工程师 ­ 华盛顿协议；
工程技师 ­ 悉尼协议；
工程技术员 ­ 都柏林协议。

如果你的海外学历经过以上任意一个协议的另一个签署人认可，那么你就有资格申请IPENZ的 Graduate
Membership。同时你的学历也被认为满足 competence­based membership 的条件和协议对应的职业的注册条件。

原本TG没有加入花生屯俱乐部的时候，大家都需要去找IPENZ做学历认证。现在变身花生屯俱乐部会员后，就可以直接申请加入IPENZ会员资格啦。似乎还可以豁免掉4-5年的经验要求哦！

Who can join?Membership recognises your competence for independent practice as a professional engineer (MIPENZ), engineering technologist (TIPENZ) or engineering technician (AIPENZ).
Typically, you'll have four to five years’ experience in the industry after graduation. You’ll need to demonstrate your competence for independent practice against the appropriate competence standard for your area of expertise. If you don’t have a relevant accredited qualification, you’ll first need to take a knowledge assessment.
If you’ve been practising overseas and have already had a competence assessment from a signatory of the Washington, Sydney or Dublin Accords, you may be eligible for Membership without being reassessed.

source：https://www.ipenz.nz/home/become-a-member/competence-assessed

—————————————————————土澳篇———————————————————

土澳的相对的利益就是实际多啦！

首先就是476签证：

还记得曾经谣言传得沸沸扬扬的网上盛传限国内12所高校毕业生可参与的澳大利亚476移民项目的说法是否属实？ - 留学

最近流传12所高校毕业生毕业可直接移民澳洲的消息是不是假的？ - 大学

呵呵，现在诸位工科生门没必要再羡慕那12所的同学，感叹当初报志愿为何不多想想再高点分了，

也不用再去幸幸苦苦拼手速和刷脸“秒杀”那华而不实的462打工度假签啦！

因为476签证是允许花生屯协议会员国的认证学历毕业生直接申请的

This information identifies educational institutions recognised for this visa.
Washington Accord institutions Any institution offering an Engineering qualification accredited under the Washington Accord is a recognised institution. The Washington Accord is an international agreement among bodies responsible for accrediting engineering degree programmes. It recognises the substantial equivalency of programmes accredited by those bodies and recommends that graduates of programmes accredited by any of the signatory bodies be recognised by the other bodies as having met the academic requirements for entry to the practice of engineering.

https://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Visa-1/476-

这个TR（临时居留签证）可比渣化了的462强多了，限制条款少，价格又公道，还不必被土澳政府血腥的盘剥一笔（可以算作澳洲税务居民，享受本地人的税率）而且申请476签，并不需要先去找EA做职业评估，所以只要是属于CEEAA认可的院校与专业，都有资格申请。

不过476的审理周期和下签速率实在不敢恭维，动辄拖个半年还是不要大惊小怪了。最好先找份工作，该干啥干啥去。等下签了，再考虑何时登陆的问题。

声明一句：此签证和澳洲学习满2年毕业后的485（aka PSW毕业签）是相互重叠不可重复申请的。所以如果要考虑拿这个签证来澳洲转读书，最好考虑清楚先。否则毕业以后，就只能先打道回府了。

再来说说澳洲绿卡PR需要的职业评估吧：

土澳的职业评估都是由各大行业的评估机构把持，工程狮的是属于Engineer Australia管。原本国内的工程狮想要通过评估，要么只有通过写3篇CDR，要么只有来澳洲读认证过的学历了。极少数其他国家的海外小留才可以通过花生屯协议这条途径，享受和土澳小留一样的待遇。

插播科普：关于CDR：澳洲学历和所从事的职业不同，怎么样成功职业认证？ - Spitfire 的回答

澳洲技术移民职业评估，协助下DIY的风险会不会很高，中介呢？ - cherylpan 的回答

关于认证学历（非工学位比较需要了解）：澳洲研究生专业（授课型 ，2年制）没有EA认证 对以后工作和移民有何影响？ - Spitfire 的回答

现在天朝终于正式加入花生屯，那么所有只需要16年以后毕业的表上学历便可走华盛顿协议途径！（依据：EA最新更新：Introducing a new full signatory of the Washington Accord)

换做人话就是，毕业前考出雅思/托福4个6，然后拿着护照，护照尺寸照片，学历证/毕业证（需要翻译哦），个人简历就可以递交职业评估申请了。完全不需要再去和前辈们一样，看着三篇CDR抓瞎。（虽然个人认为CDR的写作要求真的很低...)

但以上仅使用于今年开始才入学的童鞋，已毕业的还是没有资格走这条途径，老老实实的写三篇CDR吧。

大家可以自个上CEEAA那个简陋的网站，查询学历列表：中文：中国工程教育认证协会 英文：China Engineering Education Accreditation Association

最后补充点土澳工程狮移民的前景，参考我这篇澳洲技术移民各个职业每年配额完成得怎么样？ - Spitfire 的回答 就能看出个大概来。首先，采矿和石油的童鞋直接放弃吧，土澳没出路了，拿个476来玩个一年半载的也就了解了。电器工程的EE和机械/自动化/这几类，想要拼PR还是除了4个7以外找找别的加分吧，65分才会比较保险能通过EOI。以上同样适用各个小众工程，譬如生物医学BioM或者环工/农业工程以及更冷门被归类到工程技术人员下的小众工程狮。通信类最好做好准备，估计再过1年也要开始拼分数了。化工/材料/高分子/EE电子这几类放一起，虽然目前还暂无大碍，但也仅仅是这23年内的事，再往后可就不好说了。最后就是土木/结构，你们还是有钱途的吧，起码房价支撑下，移民还是很轻松惬意的事呢。

————————————————————恶意吐槽的分割线——————————————

CEEAA的网站运营童鞋，好不容易备胎都当了2年才转正，调查清楚人家机构的官网地址很难么？

别想当然的就把花生屯协议的英文想当然是org去了..人家官网其实是http://www.ieagreements.org/

协议除了花生屯还有好几个呢，真是不走心..